CALLERLAB CHALLENGE 1 DEFINITONS

August 30, 2024

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## Read this First

This set of definitions is an attempt to capture the real meaning for each call on the C-1 list. It is intended to serve as the referee for disputes about exactly what a call means, and as a basis for teaching the calls properly.

Whenever the "technical" definition of a call is too long or complicated to do a "first teach" from, we have provided a teaching definition or teaching hints. This way, the definitions can meet both sets of needs. Naturally, dancers should be introduced to the full definition of each call as soon as your judgement dictates.

Before you use these definitions, you should be familiar with the CALLERLAB Basic/Mainstream definitions, the CALLERLAB Plus definitions, the CALLERLAB Advanced definitions, and the CALLERLAB standard formation names. Where possible, we have used calls and formations defined in those documents. This has let us make the definitions shorter and clearer.

### Regional Styling Differences

CALLERLAB recommends that calls such as Swing Thru and Spin the Top be danced using the hands-up position and the palm star handhold. Many areas of the square dance world continue to use forearm turns for all turning actions. In order to eliminate the controversy over the use of forearm turns, the CALLERLAB membership approved a 1992 resolution recognizing that regional differences in styling exists.

### General Rules

All of the general rules which apply to the Basic/Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced definitions also apply at C-1.

Facing Dancers: Facing dancers, unless otherwise specified, may be any combination of men and women.

Couples: Couples, unless otherwise specified, may be any combination of men and women.

Facing Couples Rule: Some calls that normally start from an ocean wave can also be done from facing couples. In that case, the dancers first step into a momentary right-hand ocean wave and complete the call--unless the caller specifically directs a left-hand call (e.g., Left Swing Thru), in which case the dancers step into a momentary left-hand ocean wave and complete the call. This rule may also apply when calls that require parallel waves are called with the dancers in an eight chain thru formation.

The "Facing Couples" rule applies only to the C-1 calls Alter the Wave, Relay the Shadow, Relay the Top, Swing and Circle, and (Anything) the Windmill (only when it is applicable to the "Anything" call).

Ocean Wave Rule: Some calls that normally start from facing couples can be done from a wave. In that case, the dancers have already stepped forward toward each other and are ready to complete the remaining action of the call. This rule also applies when calls that start from two facing dancers (such as, Turn Thru) are called from a Mini-Wave.

The Ocean Wave Rule applies only to these C-1 calls (the Wave(s) must be right-handed): Cross Chain Thru, Cross Chain and Roll, Pass and Roll Your Cross Neighbor, Pass the Axle, the Axle (from a 3/4 Tag), Rotary Spin, Split Square Chain the Top, Split Dixie Style to a Wave, Split Dixie Diamond, Split Dixie Sashay, Square Chain the Top, and Square the Bases (from a Tidal Wave).

Right-Shoulder Rule: Whenever two dancers are moving toward each other and would otherwise collide, they pass right shoulders instead. If two dancers facing opposite directions must occupy the same spot on the floor at the same time, they step to form a right-hand mini-wave instead. You may not have two dancers who are facing the same direction, or at right angles, try to occupy the same spot.

### How We Name Dancers

For purposes of the definitions, we often had to identify specific dancers--say, the ends of a wave. There are a lot of ways to name people, and we tried to use the ones that are common at C-1. For reference, we've listed them here:

#1, #2, #3, #4: The dancers in a column are sometimes identified by number. The very lead dancer is called #1; the one behind him is #2, and so on. For example, here's how the dancers below would be named:

Partner: The dancer beside you in the smallest relevant two-dancer formation you are in. This means that, in each of the diagrams below, the dancer labeled 1 is dancer 2's partner.

If the centers are working together, they ignore the outsides--but if everyone is active, the centers may well have to work with the outsides. For example, from facing lines, compare "Centers Pass Thru and Partner Tag" with "Centers Pass Thru and Everyone Partner Tag":

Points and Centers: In diamonds and hourglasses, there are points and centers. The points in the diagrams below are marked "P" and the centers are marked "C":

Box, Wave, and Diamond Dancers: In parallel diamonds, hourglasses, and galaxies, you can identify dancers by what part of the formation they're in. In parallel diamonds there is a wave inside a box of dancers; in an hourglass there is a diamond inside a box; in a galaxy there is a box inside a diamond. In the diagrams below, "Wave Dancers" are marked W, "Diamond Dancers" are marked D, and "Box Dancers" are marked B:

Centers and Ends: All line-type and column-type formations have ends and centers. The dancers who are nearest the center of the formation are centers, and the others are ends--regardless of their facing direction. In the diagram below, the centers are marked C and the ends are marked E.

Adjacent: Two dancers are said to be "adjacent" if they are close to each other, with no intervening space or other dancers. This is true regardless of the dancers' facing directions. In the diamond and hourglass diagrams below, the dancers marked A are all adjacent to each other; the others aren't adjacent to anyone. In the box diagram, dancers B and C are both adjacent to dancer A, but not to each other.

Leads (or Leaders) and Trailers: In any 1x2 formation (e.g., facing dancers, a tandem, dancers back-to-back), those facing out of the 1x2 formation are called leaders, and those facing into the 1x2 formation are called trailers. A dancer who has one shoulder directly toward the center of the 1x2 formation is neither. In the pictures below, the dancers marked "L" are leaders, and the dancers marked "T" are trailers. Those not marked are neither.

Centers and Outsides: Those dancers who are close to the center of the formation are centers; the others are outsides. In lines and columns, "end" and "outside" are the same; in the other formations below, the centers are marked with C and the outsides with O.

Very Centers: The two dancers closest to the flagpole center of the set are called the very centers or the very center two. This term is only used when exactly two people are closest to the center. They are marked with V's in the pictures below:

Starting Formations

Each call's definition includes a list of possible starting formations for that call. Since it isn't practical to list every formation a call can start from, we don't mean to restrict you to the listed formations. However, this isn't a license to shoehorn a definition into an odd-ball formation.

Following the guidelines below will lead you to other legitimate starting formations; anything else should be avoided.

- The formations listed are usually the smallest from which the call can be done. Larger formations may be made of these smaller "units". For example, Switch to a Diamond is defined to start from a single ocean wave, so it can also be done from parallel waves [ending in parallel diamonds], or from a tidal wave [ending in point-to-point diamonds].
- Where they apply, you can use the general rules (Facing Couples, Ocean Wave) to find other starting formations. For instance, Pass and Roll can start from a right-hand box circulate formation even though that formation doesn't appear in the definition's list: The Ocean Wave rule applies.
- If the word "only" appears in the list, then only the formations listed may be used. You may not apply the Facing Couples or Ocean Wave rules. One call like this is Recycle--the facing-couples definition is not applicable from an ocean wave.
- If the way you plan to use a call requires that two conflicting rules apply, your usage is improper. For example, using the call Cast a Shadow from lines back to back causes a conflict for the ends: They are both leads, and each must meet the other with the outside hand. At the same time, the right-shoulder rule applies. Because of this conflict, that use of Cast a Shadow is improper.
- If the formation you give the call from can be broken into two different starting formations for the call, you have to specify which you mean. For example, the call Dixie Style to a Wave can start either from facing couples or from facing tandems. If it is called when the dancers are in a double pass thru formation, they don't know which formation to start the call from--it could be broken down either way. In cases like this, you must tell the dancers which you want: either "Centers Dixie Style to a Wave" or "On a double track, Dixie Style to a Wave".

### Glossary of Descriptive Terms Used in the Definitions

For convenience, we've used some terms which haven't been formally defined before. Again, we've tried to use terms which are common at C-1:

Face In: Means "turn 1/4 in place, turning toward the center of the set".

Face Out: Means "turn 1/4 in place, turning away from the center of the set".

Left Pass Thru: This is the same as the Basic call Pass Thru, except the dancers pass left shoulders.

Touch 1/2, 3/4: Fractions other than 1/4 are allowed with Touch. For example, the call "Touch 1/2" is the same as "Touch and Trade". In the same way, "Touch 3/4" is "Touch and Cast Off 3/4":

Touch: Facing Dancers step forward to join right hands—making a Right-Hand Mini-Wave.
Left Touch: Facing Dancers step forward to join left hands—making a Left-Hand Mini-Wave.

Cast Off 1/4, 1/2: Fractions other than 3/4 are allowed with Cast Off. The rule is the same as for Cast Off 3/4, but the dancers move 1/4 or 1/2 instead of going the full 3/4.

### Glossary of Modifying Terms

The following terms can be used to modify the action of many calls. While not of the same stature as Concepts, these modifying terms have evolved from common English usage to have the following meaning and usage in the Challenge Program.

Start: The designated dancers will do the first part of the call; everyone else will do the rest of the call. Examples: From an inverted box, "those facing, Start Right & Left Thru". From an inverted box with men as trailers, "Men Start, Pass the Ocean". From inverted lines with ends facing, "Ends Start, Load the Boat". From certain T-Bone boxes, "Ladies Start, Touch 1/4 and Cross".

Finish: Do all but the first part of the call. Examples: "Finish a Motivate", "Finish a Rotary Spin", "Finish a Pass and Roll".

Replace: Dancers can be asked to replace (i.e., substitute) one or more parts of the call (including the remainder of the call) with a different dance action. The part to be replaced can be described by its part number (e.g., "the third part") or by its dance action (e.g., "the stars", "the centers trade"). See also, But. Examples: "Scoot and Plenty, Replace the Box Circulate with a Motivate", "Swing the Fractions, Replace the third part with a Split Circulate", "Scoot and Plenty, Replace the Box Circulate with an Explode the Wave and don't finish the Plenty".

Ignore #1: Can be used to ask the dancers to use all the spots in the formation, but to have designated dancers not move while the others do the call. Example: "Ignore the head men, all Motivate".

Ignore #2: Can be used as an aid in identifying formations. Example: From point-to-point diamonds, "Ignore the head men, Wave-Based Triangle Circulate". From two-faced lines, "Ignore the lead end, lines of 3, Out Roll Circulate".

Ignore #3: Has been used to ask that a dancer and his spot be eliminated while the others do the call. This is considered incorrect usage. Example: From two-faced lines, "Ignore the trailing center, In Roll Circulate".

Interrupt: The dance action of the call will temporarily be suspended at one or more places, at which point the specified action will be performed. The place can be described by its part (e.g., "after the third part") or by its definition (e.g., "before turning the stars"). Example: "Square Chain Thru, Interrupt before the last part with a Spin the Top".

Skip: A shorthand for "Replace With Nothing". Example: "Pass the Axle, Skip the third part".

Delete: Another shorthand for "Replace With Nothing". Example: "Delete all swing 1/2s and Spin Chain the Gears".

Special note for Replace, Interrupt, Skip, and Delete: All of these modifiers may change each dancer's position in the formation or even change the formation itself. When the dancers resume their execution of the call, they must reevaluate their position in the formation and their new part in the definition. Examples: "Square Chain Thru, Interrupt before the last part with a Spin the Top" and Swing the Fractions, Interrupt after each part with a Circulate".

Prefer: Used to designate a dancer or dancers different from those specified in the definition. Two common uses are: from general lines with men facing on the ends, "Prefer the Head Men, In Roll Circulate". From a general line with the men and at least one woman facing the same way, "Prefer the Men, Explode the Line" (i.e., the men step forward and all face and Pull By).

Left and Reverse: In Challenge dancing, the Left or Reverse versions of the calls are part of the program even if they are not explicitly listed. (See the CALLERLAB Advanced Definitions for the discussion of the "Left" and "Reverse" modifiers.)

### When the Formation Isn't There

In a number of places, the definitions call for certain dancers to do “their part of” some call even when the formation they are working in exists only in the mind's eye. For example, in the call Switch to a Diamond, the ends of the wave Diamond Circulate even though there's no diamond. Similarly, in Flip the Hourglass, the points Run as though they were in parallel lines. The cases used in the definitions are shown below. In each diagram, the corresponding positions in the corresponding formations are labeled alike. Unlabeled dancers have no corresponding places.

The ends of Parallel Lines or Waves may act like the points of an Hourglass. Similarly, the points of an Hourglass may act as though they were the ends of Parallel Lines:

The points of a diamond may act like the ends of a line, or vice versa. The centers of a diamond may act like the centers of a line, or vice versa:

More generally, Outsides are said to be “Ends of (General) Lines” if they are in a box consisting of two General Tandems that are “breathed apart,” either with Centers between them or on Squared Set Spots. In each of the following diagrams, dancers labeled with numbers are considered to be Ends of Lines.

Because of square breathing, Ends of Columns may be closer together or farther apart than ends of actual Columns of 4 would be, depending on how the center dancers are positioned.

It may be that Outsides are T-boned. In the following diagram, dancers 1 and 4 are Ends of Lines, and dancers 2 and 3 are Ends of Columns.

If dancers in any formation are either Ends of Lines or Ends of Columns, they are also on an "O Circulate" path that surrounds any dancers in the center, and they can do one or more O Circulate actions on that path. (See, for example, the call Regroup.) Dancers on that path breathe as necessary to accommodate any center dancers.

The very center two in any formation may act like the very centers of an Hourglass, and vice versa. Any outsides who are on a center line may act as the other centers of an Hourglass, and vice versa:

A Wave between vertical Mini-Waves may be treated as a Thar or Wrong Way Thar:

How Calls Are Extended at C-1

Several calls are used in limited ways at Mainstream, Plus, and Advanced; at C-1, they are used from more places, or are defined more generally.

(Anything and Spread): In addition to the three ways Spread is used at Plus, there is a fourth way.

If Specific dancers are directed to Spread (e.g., Everybody Trade, Boys Spread) they slide away from the adjacent dancer one position. The inactive dancers do not move. This can be used to create an Hourglass (From #0 Lines: Touch 1/4, Column Circulate 1 1/2, Center 6 Trade, Girls Spread, Blocks (From #0 Lines: Touch 1/4, Boys Spread, Check Blocks), or other formations.

Cast a Shadow: At C-1, you may call Cast A Shadow from any general line in which the ends are in tandem. In particular, it is allowed when all 4 centers are facing in; the centers part in that case is Pass In and Pass Thru, finishing facing out as the centers of lines:

Circulate: At C-1, the call Circulate is also defined from thars, wrong-way thars, promenade, etc. The circulate paths are as shown here:

Cross Over Circulate: At C-1, Crossover Circulate uses the following definition, which allows additional starting formations.
In one motion, Circulate and Half Sashay (do your part). During the call, if two dancers would occupy the same space and they are facing the same direction, the belle goes in front of the beau; if they are facing each other, they pass right shoulders.

From Facing Couples (e.g., Facing Lines or an Eight Chain Thru), Crossover Circulate is danced as a Cross Trail Thru and cannot be fractionalized.

Recycle: At C-1, the version of this call that starts from a wave is defined to have three parts: First, the centers Fold and all adjust to make a box-circulate formation. Then all Box Counter Rotate 1/4. Then all Roll. The result is the same as the Mainstream definition.

Split Counter Rotate: At Advanced, Split Counter Rotate is proper only from a 2x4 formation (for example, Parallel Waves or Columns), or from Twin or Point-to-Point Diamonds. At C-1, this restriction is removed. The call can begin from any formation that can be divided across its long axis into two side-by-side four-dancer formations with no dancers facing directly toward or away from the center point of their group of four. Each such four-dancer group does a Counter Rotate around the center point of their formation. For example, Split Counter Rotate from a Tidal Wave ends in Parallel Waves.

Switch to a Diamond: At Advanced, this call is done from a wave only; at C-1, it may start from a general line. If the ends are facing the same way at the start, they meet with right hands, and adjust so the call ends in a diamond (rather than having the centers offset).

Switch to an Hourglass: At Advanced, this call is done from waves only; at C-1, it may start from general lines in which the ends are in tandem.

## C-1 Definitions

Ah So From a wave or line: With each half of the wave/line working as a unit, the ends Cross Fold and the centers follow along so as to keep each mini-wave or couple intact. If the ends start out facing the same way, they pass right shoulders as they go.

Teaching Hint: This call is a more general version of Wheel and Deal--the centers are just turned around.

Alter the Wave From a Wave: All Swing; the Centers Cast Off 3/4 while the Ends U-Turn Back; all Counter Rotate the Diamond 1/2 (formerly called “turning the Star 1/2”); Flip the Diamond. Ends in a Wave.

One can also "Counter Rotate the Diamond" by other amounts than 1/2. For example, "Alter the Wave, but Counter Rotate the Diamond 3/4":

Teaching Hint: One can think of the Counter Rotate as two Diamond Circulates (except that the centers of the diamond remain centers throughout).

Block Formation A block is a 4x4 matrix in which no 2 real bodies have a real body between them. There is 1 space between all bodies in a block: in front, in back, left and right.

In blocks you can do only 4-person calls (or sequences of calls) that start and end in a 2x2 formation. e.g. Partner Trade, Partner Tag, Pass Thru, Touch ¼, Star Thru, Square Thru, Wheel Thru, etc. When doing a call in a block, each dancer works only with the dancers in his block; all block calls start and end on the same 4 spots on the floor.

e.g., In Your Block, Walk and Dodge:

For some calls, e.g., In Your Block, Square Chain Thru, the dancers are working in a wave during the call's action. In that case, the waves are slightly offset from each other, just as the blocks are slightly offset.

e.g., In Your Block, Square Chain Thru:

(Main call) But (Anything) This syntax describes a specific modification to (main call) in which one or more parts of

are replaced with (anything). Some call definitions describe what “But” means when used with that call. (See Percolate, for example.) Otherwise, “But” means that the Centers replace their last part of (main call) with (anything) while the other dancers complete (main call) normally. To use “But” in this way there must be a clear last part for the Centers, it must occur only in the center, and it must not involve interacting with the other dancers.

Example Calls:

- Chain Reaction But 2/3 Recycle (replace the Cast Off 3/4)

- Mini Busy But Cut the Diamond (replace Flip the Diamond)

- Load the Boat But Spin the Top (replace the Centers’ final Pass Thru)

Notes:

1. Callers often use the word "but" in its common English sense simply to warn dancers to listen for a modification, as in "<main call> but <modifying words>". The words that follow, using modifying terms such as Replace, Omit, Interrupt, Turn the Star, or On the 3rd Hand, describe the details of the modification. Using "but" is completely optional in these usages, and should not be confused with the more specific "But" modifier presented here.

2. While the "But" definition uses the phrase "clear last part for the Centers", it is not intended to require the call definition to have formally defined parts with language such as "This call has N parts." "But" is simply intended to be a shorthand replacement for the phrase "Centers Replace the Last Part With" and may be used whenever that phrase would be clear.

3. Calls such as Chain Reaction and Tally Ho have their last part defined by terms other than "Centers", such as "Those who meet Cast Off 3/4 while the others move up." The dancers who "meet" and finish the call in the center are considered Centers for the purposes of the "But" modifier.

4. "But" may only be used with 8-dancer calls, and the calls must have multiple parts for the dancers who finish in the center. For example, it is not proper to use "But" with Acey Deucey or Trade By because the Centers have only one part.

5. Some calls that do have a "clear last part for the Centers" may be confusing to use with the simple "But" because they have been traditionally modified in a different way. For example:

- Spin the Windmill. The Centers do have a clear last part (Cast Off 3/4) but callers more frequently modify the Outsides’ part.
- Plenty. The Centers do have a clear last part (1/2 Zoom), but callers more frequently modify the Split Circulates.

Using a simple "But" with these calls to replace the Centers’ last part would likely be confusing to the dancers and is not recommended. Instead, callers should use more explicit terminology, such as "Spin the Windmill Left, Centers replace the Cast Off 3/4 with <anything>."

Other calls with alternative common modifications include Square the Bases and Pass the Axle. Please refer to those call definitions for the proper use of "But" with those calls.

Butterfly Formation/Concept A butterfly is a column formation with the ends of the column separated by 2 positions.

Butterfly Circulate: From a butterfly: All dancers move forward one position along the path below:

Other Butterfly calls, such as Split Circulate, Walk and Dodge: Any call which can be done from parallel general columns (columns, double pass thru, etc.), and which ends in general lines or columns, can be done from a butterfly. The dancers act as though the ends were close together; however, they end on the original 8 spots on the floor. For example, "Butterfly Double Pass Thru":

The ending formation is always the same as though the ends stepped together, everyone did the call, and the ends slid apart again--the same eight spots on the floor are occupied at the end of the call as when it began.

Cast Back From any formation with definite leads, who must not be facing directly toward or away from the flagpole center: Starting in a tandem, the lead dancer always does the call; elsewhere, the caller must designate a dancer. The designated dancer Peel Off and step forward to stand beside the other dancer. The other dancer does not move. This call cannot be fractionalized.

Cross Cast Back From a couple facing out of a 2x2 formation: Starting in tandem couples, the lead dancers always do the call; elsewhere, the dancers must be designated. The designated dancers Trail Off and step forward to stand beside the other dancers. The others don't move. This call cannot be fractionalized.

Chain Reaction At C-1, the restrictions from the Advanced Program on the formations from which you may call Chain Reaction are removed. In effect, this adds quarter lines and a two-faced line or a wave between parallel mini-waves to the list of starting formations. For example: two-faced line:

or two faced lines between mini-waves. For example:

Chase Your Neighbor. From Back-to-Back Couples only: In one smooth motion, Belles U-Turn Back to the right and all Box Circulate; Follow Your Neighbor. Ends in a Left-Hand Wave. This call feels like beginning a Chase Right and blending into a Follow Your Neighbor.

Chase Your Cross Neighbor
From Back-to-Back Couples only: In one smooth motion, Belles U-Turn Back to the right and all Box Circulate; Cross Your Neighbor. Ends in a Left-Hand Two-Faced Line. This call feels like beginning a Chase Right and blending into a Cross Your Neighbor.

Checkover From columns: The #1 and #2 dancers Checkmate while dancers #3 and #4 Circulate, Cast Off 3/4, Slither, and As Couples Extend. Ends in parallel two-faced lines.

Circle By From facing couples: This call requires that two fractions, m and n, be called as part of its name, e.g., "Circle By 1/4 and 1/2". All join hands and Circle Left m. Then Touch and Cast Off n. If n is "Nothing", you just step to the wave. The second fraction (n), may be replaced by another call, as in "Circle By 1/2 and Recycle". In that case, the Cast Off is replaced by the call specified. In this example, the dancers would Circle Left 1/2, Touch, then Recycle, ending in facing couples.

Concentric Concept From any appropriate formation (half the dancers must be centers and half must be outsides): The centers do the call in their group, while the outsides work with each other and do the call around the outside. The following diagrams show who works with whom on a Concentric call:

The last two formations shown are really the same; the grouping on the left is used if the caller only says "Concentric..." and the Concentric call can be done from a 1x4. The grouping on the right is used when the caller says "Concentric Diamond ..." or when the Concentric call can only be done from Diamonds (for example, "Concentric Diamond Circulate" or "Concentric Flip the Diamond").

If the Concentric call starts and ends in a 2x2 Box (for example, "Concentric Star Thru"), the following rule applies: If the outsides begin as though in Columns, they finish as though in Columns; if they begin as though in Lines, they finish as though in Lines.

Concentric Star Thru:

If the Concentric call ends in a 2x2 Box but starts elsewhere (for example, "Concentric Recycle" from a Tidal Wave), the following rule applies: The outside dancers finish so that the long axis of their ending formation is at right angles to the long axis of their starting formation.

If the Concentric call does not end in a 2x2 Box, then it is not necessary to apply either of the above rules. The outsides simply finish in the outside 1x4 or Diamond.

If the Concentric call involves applying the Ocean Wave Rule or Facing Couples Rule, the Concentric rules apply to the actual starting formation, not to any adjusted formation that might be created or imagined while starting the call.

Common applications of Concentric include:

From starting Double Pass Thru: Concentric Star Thru, Concentric Slide Thru, Concentric Pass In, Concentric Pass Out, Concentric Touch 1/4
From Completed Double Pass Thru: Concentric Chase Right, Concentric Shakedown
From Tidal Wave: Concentric Recycle, Concentric Ah So
From Tidal Line: Concentric Wheel and Deal, Concentric Turn and Deal, Concentric 1/2 Tag

Counter Rotate From any formation with no dancers facing directly toward or away from the flagpole center: Each dancer moves forward the designated number of quarters (¼ unless otherwise specified) around the flagpole center of the formation, staying the same distance from that center as though he were on a wheel turning about that center. With each quarter he Counter Rotates, the dancer faces a new wall (i.e., he turns 90).

The original outsides always finish as outsides, and the original centers always finish as centers. For example, "Points Counter Rotate 1/4":

Teaching Hint: From parallel waves, people tend to try to Split Counter Rotate. Describing the action, from that formation only, as "Concentric Box Counter Rotate" helps a great deal.

Cross And Turn From facing couples: The beaus Right Pull By with each other as the belles U-Turn Back. Ends in couples back to back.

Reverse Cross and Turn From facing couples: The belles Left Pull By with each other as the beaus U-Turn Back. Ends in couples back to back.

Cross By From a thar, wrong-way thar, or parallel waves: 1/2 Circulate, Sashaying as you go, and joining opposite hands from initial handhold. Ends in a wrong-way thar, thar, or ocean wave between vertical mini-waves.

Cross Chain Thru From eight chain thru: All Right Pull By, then the ends Courtesy Turn while the centers Left Hand Star 1/2 to end in another eight chain thru formation. The star ends as though the centers had done a Cross Trail Thru.

Note: By definition, "Cross Chain Thru and Roll" is the same as Cross Chain and Roll.

Cross Chain And Roll From Eight Chain Thru: All Right Pull By. The outsides Courtesy Turn and Roll while the centers Left Hand Star 1/2, to end in parallel waves.

Cross Extend From a Single 1/4 Tag or Box Circulate: Extend but move on a slight diagonal so as to end in a formation whose handedness is the opposite from that of the starting formation. Cross Extend from a Right-Hand Single 1/4 Tag will end in a Left-Hand Box Circulate. Cross Extend from a Right-Hand Box Circulate will end in a Left-Hand Single 3/4 Tag.

Notes: Cross Extend is a 4-dancer call. The common 8-dancer starting formations are 1/4 Tag and Ocean Waves.

From a 1/4 Tag, since those in the center wave are most aware of its handedness, it is important for them to meet the outside dancers with the correct hand.

From Ocean Waves there is a tendency for the original leaders to cross or half sashay with each other. This would be incorrect because the two Box Circulate formations should not interact. The original leaders simply move straight ahead and adjust to form a couple in the resulting 3/4 Tag formation.

Cross Roll to a Wave (or Line) From a line or wave: The centers Cross Run while the ends Run. The centers pass outside of the ends as they Cross Run.

Cross Your Neighbor. From box circulate: the Trailers Cross Extend and Arm Turn 3/4 while the Leaders do your part of Follow Your Neighbor. Cross Your Neighbor cannot be fractionalized.

From a Single 1/4 Tag: All dancers do the Trailers part (Cross Extend and Arm Turn 3/4).

<Pass and Roll Your Cross Neighbor
From Single Eight Chain Thru: All Pass Thru. The centers Turn Thru while the outsides do a right-face U-Turn Back. All begin a Pass Thru, blending smoothly into Cross Your Neighbor (equivalent to Pass Thru; Centers Left Touch 3/4 while outsides right-face U-Turn Back and Roll). Ends in a Left-Hand Two-Faced Line.

Note: There is no consensus on the parts of this call or on how many parts it has. It does have a definite first part (All Pass Thru), so "Finish Pass and Roll Your Cross Neighbor" is proper, but fractionalizing this call or referring to any part except the first is not proper.

Diamond Chain Thru variations:

(Anything) Chain Thru. All do the "anything" call, then the very centers Trade and the center 4 Cast Off 3/4. If the "anything" call is a Triangle or Diamond Circulate, the word "circulate" is conventionally omitted (e.g., Inpoint Trinagle Chain Thru, Interlocked Diamond Chain Thru)..

Dixie Diamond From facing couples or facing tandems: All Dixie Style to a Wave. The centers Hinge while the ends U-Turn Back (turning toward each other). Ends in a right-hand diamond.

Dixie Sashay From Facing Couples or Facing Tandems: Dixie Style to a Wave; Slither. Ends in a Left-Hand Two-Faced Line. (Dancers should anticipate the Slither action and blend smoothly into it from the Left Touch 1/4 action that concludes Dixie Style to a Wave.)

Flip the Line 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, Full From waves only: Centers Run and all any-shoulder Tag the Line the given fraction (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, Full). Any-shoulder means: From right-hand waves, use a right shoulder pass; from left-hand waves use a left shoulder pass.

Follow Thru From a box circulate, T-bone, or single quarter tag: All 1/2 Scoot Back. Ends in a wave, 2-faced line or diamond.

Galaxy Formation: A Galaxy is composed of a center box and an outside diamond.

Galaxy Circulate From a galaxy: Each dancer moves forward one spot along the circulate path shown below.

Cut the Galaxy From a galaxy: Centers Galaxy circulate while the points slide together and Trade (Star 1/2). Finishes in a Thar or Promenade.

Flip the Galaxy From a galaxy: Centers Galaxy circulate while the point Run to the nearest center. Finishes in a Thar or Promenade.

Interlocked Diamond Formation: Two adjacent diamonds in which the very centers work with the furthest other 3 dancers.

Interlocked Diamond Circulate Diamond Circulate to the next position in your Interlocked Diamond.

Cut the Interlocked Diamond From interlocked diamonds (twin): The points Cut the Diamond, while the centers Interlocked Diamond Circulate.

Flip the Interlocked Diamond From interlocked diamonds: The points Flip the Diamond, while the centers Interlocked Diamond Circulate.

Jaywalk From dancers facing directly or on an angle: Like a Pass Thru, except the dancers don't have to be facing directly. Each dancer finishes on the other dancer's starting spot, facing opposite the way that dancer was facing.

Linear Action From quarter or three-quarter tag, wave between parallel mini-waves, quarter or three-quarter line, or two-faced line between parallel mini-waves: All Hinge. Centers Box Circulate 1 1/2, as outsides Trade. Those who meet Cast Off 3/4, as others move up (as in Hourglass Circulate) to form parallel waves or lines.

Magic Column Formation/Concept A Magic Column consists of the ends of one column and the centers of the other column. The dancers act as though they were in a column together, beginning and ending on those four spots.

Do the call as usual, but if you move from end to center or center to end, follow the Magic Column Circulate path. Note that a single magic column is neither right- nor left-handed. You must follow the Magic traffic pattern, and perform any action using the hand appropriate to your position at that point in the call.

Magic Column Circulate From magic columns: Each dancer moves forward along one of the two circulate paths shown below:

If an end and a center are facing each other, they pass using the end's inside shoulder (the center dancer moves first). This takes the place of the right-shoulder rule. So Magic Column Circulate 1 1/2 would end like so:

Teaching Hint: You can point out that the ends are holding opposite hands from the centers--e.g., the ends have right hands joined, and the centers have left hands joined.

If you leave the circulate path (e.g., in Magic Column Transfer, shown below), just finish the call as usual. In this example, the ending wave is left-handed because the centers have lefts before the final Extend:

In the case of Magic Column Walk and Dodge, the rules are the same: Those who are doing the Walk follow the circulate path, and those doing the Dodge (and thus leaving the circulate path) just slide sideways as usual:

Note: Magic column calls are only permitted where complete magic columns exist. It would be improper, for example, to call "Magic Walk and Dodge" from an inverted box in isolation.

Note: At C-1 this concept is restricted to right or left-hand Magic Columns only.

Make Magic From general columns: Any center and outside dancers who are facing each other do a Pass Thru, as any center who is facing in, does a pull by with the diagonally opposite dancer, using outside hands. If all four centers are facing in, they Cross Trail Thru.

O Formation/Concept: An "O" is a column formation with the centers spread apart (2 spaces between them). Any call that can be done from general columns (columns, double Pass Thru, etc.), and which ends in parallel general lines or general columns, can be done from "O" Formation.

O Circulate From an O: Each dancer moves forward one spot along the circulate path shown below:

Other O calls: Any call which can be done from general columns (columns, double pass thru, etc.), and which ends in general lines or general columns, can be done from an O. The dancers act as though the centers were close together; however, they end on the same 8 spots on the floor.

For example, "O Double Pass Thru":

O Walk and Dodge:

O Swing Thru:

But can't O Swing Thru from here:

That last one is an O Magic Column. There is no such thing as an "O Wave". In order for O Swing Thru to work the general column must be an eight chain thru formation.

The effect of an O call is exactly the same as having the centers slide together, doing the call, and having the new centers slide apart so that the original 8 spots on the floor are again occupied.

Common applications include Circulate, Split Circulate, and Walk and Dodge.

Pass the Axle/The Axle

Pass the Axle
From eight chain thru: All Pass Thru, the centers Pass Thru while the ends Cross Cast Back. All Swing, and the new centers Trade.

The Axle
From trade-by or completed double pass thru: The centers Pass Thru, if they can, while the ends Cross Cast Back. All Swing, and the new centers Trade.

(Pass) The Axle (but) Cast (Off) N/4

Replace the Swing with Cast Off N/4. Some callers prefer to omit the "but" to avoid possible confusion with the general "But" modifier (page

13, and below). Other callers prefer to include the "but" to make it clear this is a modification.

(Pass) The Axle But <anything>

For an <anything> call that is not "Cast (Off) N/4," this follows the general "But" modifier (page

13). The Centers replace their final Trade with <anything>. Example: "Pass the Axle But Chase Right".

Note: There is no ambiguity between the two possible usages of "but" here because the call "Cast Off N/4" is not a suitable replacement for the Centers’ final Trade.

Percolate From appropriate Parallel Waves or Lines, or Eight Chain Thru formation: Circulate; 1/2 Circulate; the center 4 (those in the wave) Hinge and Cross while the ends Turn Thru or Left Turn Thru as appropriate. From most places (for example, waves) this ends in Lines Back-to-Back. It can be done from anywhere the Circulate, 1/2 Circulate gives a definite center Wave.

"Percolate But" means the Hinge and Cross is replaced by the "But" call. The ends complete the call as usual.

Phantom Formation/Concept A Phantom is a non-existent dancer with whom you may be asked to work. A Phantom formation (e.g., after Heads Wheel Thru, Swing Thru, Heads Hinge) has the dancers arranged as shown below. Some of the dancers are in lines at the head, and some are in lines at the side. Each dancer acts as though he or she were in parallel waves or lines with all the Phantom positions occupied by real dancers.

It is also possible to have a phantom formation where some of the dancers feel like they're in columns (as below). However, this variation is not appropriate for use at C-1.

Consider Phantom Circulate:

Common applications include Couples Circulate, Cross Over Circulate, Tag The Line, Turn and Deal, Wheel and Deal, Ferris Wheel, Acey Deucey, Trade The Wave, Recycle, Ah So, Circulate, Trade Circulate.

Press Ahead From any appropriate formation: Those designated move one dancer position forward. Example: #1 Press Ahead:

Note: This is not the same as Extend.

Recycle variations:

All Eight Recycle. From a 1/4 Tag, or Wave between Parallel Mini-Waves: The centers do a Recycle, working wider than normal, and ending on the outside. Meanwhile, the outsides move into the center and Recycle (Facing Couples Recycle or Box Recycle, as appropriate), ending in the center. This ends in a 1/4 Tag.

2/3 Recycle. From a wave only: Do the first two parts of Recycle, that is, Centers Fold (and all adjust to a box circulate formation), then Box Counter Rotate 1/4.

Box/Split Recycle. From box circulate formation: Without letting go hands with the leads, the trailers Extend and U-Turn Back, to end with their original outside hands joined. The leads follow along, becoming the ends of the resulting wave.

From 2x2 formations where half the box is a couple and the other is a right-hand mini-wave: Those in the couple do a facing-couples Recycle, and those in the mini-wave do a Box Recycle. This ends in a right-hand wave.

This can't be done when the mini-wave is left-handed:

The name "Split Recycle" is used from a 2x4 formation to specify that each 2x2 Box does a Box Recycle.

Where not otherwise ambiguous, it is permissible to call simply, "Recycle" when you mean "Split Recycle", "Box Recycle", or "Facing Recycle". For example, from Columns, you could call "Outsides Partner Tag while the centers Recycle" and the meaning is clear. From Parallel Waves, though, "Recycle" and "Split Recycle" are different because the first applies Recycle to each Wave and the second applies Recycle to each Box.

Regroup From Parallel Lines or any other formation in which the Centers are Couples or Mini-Waves and the Outsides can act as Ends of Lines: The Centers Trade and Roll while the Outsides Quarter Out, Trade, and O Circulate. (See “When the Formation Isn’t There”, page 8, for the interpretation of Ends of Lines and O Circulate when the formation isn’t a 2x4.) From Parallel Lines, Regroup ends in Facing Lines.

Relay the Shadow From a tidal wave: All Swing. The center six Cast 3/4, while the ends Counter Rotate 1/4, meet the very centers, Single Hinge & Spread. The other four do the centers' part of a Cast a Shadow (i.e., leaders "shadow", trailers Extend, Hinge, and Extend).

Relay the Top From parallel waves: All Swing. The centers Arm Turn ¾ while the ends 1/2 Circulate, to create a star between two mini-waves. The star Turns 1/4, while the others Trade. The center four dancers in the 6-person wave now Cast Off 3/4, while the others move up (as in Hourglass Circulate). Ends in parallel waves.

Reverse Explode From a wave: All Step Thru and Quarter Out. Ends in couples back-to-back.

Rotary Spin From eight chain thru: Everyone does a Right Pull By, then the centers step to a left-hand wave and Cast Off 3/4 while the ends Courtesy Turn and Roll. Ends in parallel right-hand waves.

Rotate Family The following calls start from a Static Square, or a Static Square with some couples facing out (for example, after Heads Partner Trade). This is the only permitted starting formation at C-1.

Rotate At C-1, the following calls are used only from a Static Square or any other formation in which the designated dancers can act as Ends of General Columns (see “When the Formation Isn’t There”, page 8). The designated dancers must be named explicitly to avoid confusion with other Rotate applications that involve all 8 dancers (not part of the C-1 program). · For Rotate and Reverse Rotate, the designated dancers must be Couples. · For Single Rotate and Reverse Single Rotate, the designated dancers must be Couples or in Mini-Waves. · These calls all include a fraction, which is required.

In this diagram, dancers #1, 2, 7 & 8 are the ones designated to Rotate.

Rotate / Reverse Rotate.

Rotate 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
Working As Couples, the designated dancers turn 1/4 in place to face promenade direction and Counter Rotate the given fraction around the outside of the square, while the other dancers move into the middle if they are not already there.

Reverse Rotate 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
Working As Couples, the designated dancers turn 1/4 in place to face reverse promenade direction and Counter Rotate the given fraction around the outside of the square, while the other dancers move into the middle if they are not already there.

Single Rotate / Reverse Single Rotate.

Single Rotate 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
Working individually, the designated dancers turn 1/4 in place to face promenade direction and Counter Rotate the given fraction around the outside of the square, while the other dancers move into the middle if they are not already there.

Reverse Single Rotate. 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
Working individually, the designated dancers turn 1/4 in place to face reverse promenade direction and Counter Rotate the given fraction around the outside of the square, while the other dancers move into the middle if they are not already there.

Scatter Scoot From parallel waves: Leads All Eight Circulate while the others Scoot Back.

Scatter Scoot Chain Thru, From waves only: The leads All Eight Circulate while the trailers Scoot Chain Thru.

Scoot and Little / Little

Little. From 1/4 Tag or 3/4 Tag: Outsides Quarter Right, or as directed. They then Counter Rotate 1/4. Centers Step and Fold. Ends in parallel waves or lines. The quartering direction for the outsides may be specified, as in "Left Little" or "Right Little" (outsides go left or right, respectively.)

From Diamonds, there are many ways to direct the points to Counter Rotate without turning first, including: “Little, points go as you are”, “Little, Points go forward”, and “Centers Start, Little”. (See Glossary of Modifying Terms: Start.) The command “Little” (with no direction given) requires the points to 1/4 Right before they Counter Rotate. See the historical note below.

Consider the following two cases:

Historical note: In a previous definition Diamonds were a special exception because, without any words by the caller, the points would automatically go forward. Today the caller must direct the points to go “as you are”.

Scoot and Little.
From quarter tag: Scoot Back, then Little or Left Little, according to the hand with which the Scoot Back was done, or outsides go as directed, as in "Scoot and Little, Out on the outside".

Left Scoot and Little: From left-hand quarter tag only: [This usage is to be avoided, except when helping the dancers--since this call is no different from Scoot and Little from this formation.] Scoot Back, then Left Little: The outsides always go to the left.

Scoot and Plenty / Plenty

Plenty. From one-quarter tag or three-quarter tag: (This call has 3 parts.)
1. Little
2. Split Circulate 2 (formerly called "Turn the Star 1/2").
3. Ends then Counter Rotate 1/4 and Roll, while the centers 1/2 Zoom to form a wave.

Ends in quarter tag.

Notes: The caller can vary the number of Split Circulates (for example, "Plenty, do 3 Split Circulates". If the caller wants to replace the Split Circulates with a different call, they should name the replaced part explicitly (for example, "Plenty, Replace the Split Circulates with …").

From Diamonds, if you want the points to go as they are, the proper usage is "Plenty, points go as you are". The command "Plenty" would start with the points doing a 1/4 Right.

Since the first part is a Little, the outside dancers normally begin with a Quarter Right but the caller can tell them to quarter in a different direction (for example, "Plenty, outsides face in", "Left Plenty" (the outsides quarter left), "Right Plenty" (the outsides quarter right).

Scoot and Plenty

From a 1/4 Tag: Scoot Back, then Right Plenty or Left Plenty, depending on the hand with which the Scoot Back was done. The outsides can also take a direction, as in "Scoot and Plenty, Outsides Out."

Left Scoot and Plenty

From a Left-Hand Quarter Tag only: (This usage is to be avoided, except when helping the dancers. This call is no different from "Scoot and Plenty" from this formation.) Scoot Back, then Left Plenty. The outsides always go to the left.

Notes: Traditional usage says that on a Plenty the outsides go to the Right. This makes sense because they shouldn't be responsible for the handedness of the ocean wave behind them. Traditional usage has the outsides on a "Scoot and Plenty" from a Left-Hand Quarter Tag go to the left. This makes sense because it is one call and the dancers just used the left hand on the Scoot Back, so they should automatically continue to the left after the Scoot Back.

From a Left-Hand 1/4 Tag, the command "Scoot Back and Plenty" is two calls, and the outsides should go to the right even though "Scoot and Plenty" would have them go to the left. It is unfortunate that these two similar-sounding phrases have a different dance action. Callers should avoid trying to trick dancers in this way.

On a "Left 3/4 Tag and Plenty", the outside dancers go to the right. Use "Left 3/4 Tag and Left Plenty" to have the outside dancers go to the left.

On a "Scoot Chain Thru and Plenty" from a Left-Hand 1/4 Tag, the outside dancers go to the right. Use "Scoot Chain Thru and Left Plenty" to have the outside dancers go to the left.

Scoot and Ramble / Ramble

Ramble. From one-quarter tag or three-quarter tag: The outsides separate and Slide Thru with each other, while the centers Single Wheel and Slide Thru.

Scoot and Ramble. From quarter tag: Scoot Back, then Ramble.

Shakedown From a 2x2 formation with everyone as leader only: As one continuous move, Quarter Right, Box Counter Rotate 1/4, and Roll. This call can not be fractionalized.

Siamese concept From a formation composed of 2 tandems and 2 couples: Same as "In Tandem or As Couples": Those who are in the tandems work in tandem, and those in the couples work as couples, and everyone does the 2- or 4-dancer call specified.

Spin the Windmill variation

(Anything) the Windmill From any appropriate formation: The centers (or everyone, if the call is an 8-person call) do the "Anything" call. Then the centers Cast Off 3/4 while the ends face as directed and Circulate twice (or as directed). For example, Mix The Windmill In.

Split Square Thru variations: These calls start from appropriate T-Bone Boxes (each box consists of a trailing Couple and two Facing Dancers) or a Static Square. The action always begins with "those facing Right Pull By and Quarter In" (to face those who didn't pull by). From a Static Square, the caller will designate the couples (heads or sides) who will move into the center and perform the part of the facing dancers.

Comment: Using the helper word "Start" can cause confusion with the "Start" modifier. Here are proper call examples:
From a Static Square, call "Heads Split Dixie Diamond";
From T-Bone Boxes, call "Split Dixie Diamond".

Split Square Chain the Top. From an appropriate T-Bone Box: Those facing right Pull By and Quarter In; all Left Spin the Top; all Left Turn Thru. Ends in Back-to-Back Couples.

Split Dixie Style to a Wave. From an appropriate T-Bone Box: Those facing Right Pull By and Quarter In; all Left Touch 1/4. Ends in a Left-Hand Box.

Split Dixie Diamond. From appropriate T-Bone Boxes: Split Dixie Style to a Wave; the centers Hinge while the ends U-Turn Back (turning toward each other). From a T-bone formation with centers facing each other and ends facing in as a couple, Split Dixie Diamond ends in Right-Hand Twin Diamonds.

Split Dixie Sashay. From appropriate T-Bone Boxes: Split Dixie Style to a Wave; Slither. Ends in Parallel Left-Hand Two-Faced Lines. (Dancers should anticipate the Slither action and blend smoothly into it from the Left Touch 1/4 action that concludes Split Dixie Style to a Wave.)

Square Chain the Top From facing couples: Right Pull By, Quarter In, Left Spin The Top, and Left Turn Thru to end as couples back to back.

Square the Bases From Facing Couples: Right Pull By and Quarter In; Left Spin The Top; Left Turn Thru. Ends in Back-to-Back Couples.

From Facing Lines: (This call has 3 parts.)
1. Centers Square Thru 3 while the Ends Pass Thru and Ends Bend
2. Split Square Thru 2
3. Trade By

Ends in an Eight Chain Thru formation.

Square the Bases But <anything>

Callers have historically used "Square the Bases But <anything>" in a variety of ways, including replacing the Centers’ final part, replacing the Split Square Thru 2, or replacing the Split Square Thru 2 and the Trade By. With the adoption of the general "But" modifier in 2023 (page 13), callers are expected to use "Square the Bases But <anything>" only to replace the Centers’ final part (Pass Thru). Callers should use other terminology for other replacements, such as "Square the Bases, Replace the Split Square Thru 2 with <anything>." Callers may also refer to the numbered parts; for example, "Square the Bases, Replace the second part with <anything>," or "Square the Bases, Replace the last two parts with <anything>."

Squeeze From two dancers side-by-side, either directly adjacent or separated: If the dancers are adjacent, they Trade and slide apart; if they are separated, they slide together and Trade. When this call is given to multiple pairs of dancers whose paths cross (such as in a Diamond), the adjacent dancers move first.

Squeeze the Hourglass/Galaxy. From a Galaxy / Hourglass: The three pairs of dancers who are all facing the same set of walls (head walls or side walls) Squeeze; the other two dancers do not move. A Galaxy becomes an Hourglass, and vice versa.

Squeeze the Butterfly/O. From a Butterfly / O: All Squeeze. A Butterfly becomes an O, and vice versa.

Step and Flip From a General Line: The Centers step forward as the Ends Run. A Line with Centers facing the same direction ends in a Box (2×2); a Line with Centers facing opposite directions ends in a “Z” (2×3).

If the overall starting formation is a Tidal Line, the Centers of each side take a full step forward and the original Ends from each side finish lined up with the original Ends from the other side.

If the overall starting formation is a (2×4), each Line works independently and finishes in a Box (2×2) or Z (2×3) on each side.

Step and Fold From an Inverted Line, a Wave, or a Right-Hand or Left-Hand Diamond only: The centers step forward and the ends Fold to end in a Box Circulate formation, Tandem Couples, or T-Bone.

Example of Step and Fold:

Step and Squeeze From a General Line: The Centers step forward as the Ends Squeeze. A Line with Centers facing the same direction ends in a Box (2×2); a Line with Centers facing opposite directions ends in a “Z” (2×3).

Note: This call always ends in the same general formation (2×2, 2×3 (Z), 3×4, or others) as Step and Flip, when used with the same facing directions. See the diagrams in Step and Flip for examples. For Step and Squeeze, those who Squeeze will also have gone past each other (#1 goes past #4, #5 goes past #8).

Stretch Concept From all appropriate formations: The modifier "Stretch" is used as a prefix, applied to two- or four-person calls only. Do the 2- or 4-person call as usual, but the people who end in the center move to the center spots farthest from the dancers they had been working with(by moving along the long axis of the formation). For example, Stretch Recycle:

or Stretch Shake Down

or Stretch Turn and Deal

or Stretch Touch 1/4

or Stretch Touch:

If the centers cannot move along the long axis of the formation to get away from the ends they'd been working with, then the call is improper. For example, Stretch Swing Thru is not proper from here:

because after the Swing Thru, the centers would have to move along the short axis of the formation to get away from the ends.

Similarly, one may not call Centers Stretch Touch ¼ from here:

because the centers weren't working with the ends on the Touch 1/4.

Note: The examples above are here only to clarify the definition. They don't necessarily represent good usage--particularly Stretch Turn and Deal from left-hand two-faced lines.

Common application include Recycle, Ah So, and Turn and Deal (from right-hand two-faced lines).

Teaching Hint: This call is usually danced with those coming to the center actually going to the far center spots, rather than first completing the move on their own side.

Substitute From Tandem Couples: Lead couples makes an arch and back up while the trailing couple moves forward ducking under the arch. No one changes facing direction. Ends in Tandem Couples.

Other formations are possible and the caller is reponsible for making it obvious which dancers are to arch. Usually they are active or designated. Depending on the facing directions of those making the arch, they may move forward or backwards. Those going under the arch may move forward, backwards, or even sideways. Examples: From a Trade By formation, Centers Arch and Substitute Over The Ends. From a Squared Set, Heads Touch 1/4 and Substitute (Over The Sides). From a Galaxy, Centers Substitute Over One, or Those In The Wave-Based Triangle, Substitute.

Swing and Circle (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, Full) From 1/4 Tag, 3/4 Tag, a Wave Between Parallel Mini-Waves, or Diamonds (but not Facing Diamonds): The dancers in the wave Swing. The very center dancers Trade while the outer six move one position, in the direction shown in the diagrams below (i.e., as determined by the ends of the wave), turning as necessary to end in a 1/4 Tag. This ends Swing and Circle 1/4.

Repeat the entire above action, as necessary:

--once more, for Swing and Circle 1/2

--twice more, for Swing and Circle 3/4

--three more times, for a full Swing and Circle

The Facing Couples Rule applies to the centers.

Swing and Circle 1/4:

Note: Dancers who end in the outer six can roll if their facing direction changed in the final part of the call.
For example, Swing and Circle 1/4 and Roll:

Swing the Fractions From Parallel Waves, or other appropriate formations: Those who can Turn 1/4 by the Right, those who can Turn 1/2 by the Left, those who can Turn 3/4 by the Right, those who can Turn 1/2 by the Left, and those who can Turn 1/4 by the Right. For example,

from a right-hand wave:

or from a left-hand wave:

For each part of the call, there must be a dancer performing both this part and the immediately preceding or following one. For example, the call is not proper from Magic Columns.

This is a 5-part call, with each arm turn being one part. "Swing the Fractions 4/5" is common.

Switch the Line From a general line: Centers Run, while the ends Cross Run. In cases where dancers would collide, those doing the Cross Run move outside of those doing the Run; otherwise, all the usual shoulder passing rules apply.

Switch to an Interlocked Diamond From parallel waves/lines: Centers Run, while the ends do their part of Interlocked Diamond Circulate.

T-Bone Formation Definition: A T-Bone formation is one where some people are in lines or waves and some are in columns, e.g.,

To do a call "T-Bone", do your part of the call, regardless of how the other people are facing. For example:

The caller does not actually say the words "T-Bone". Dancers are expected to recognize the formation and do the call accordingly.

(Tag) Back Family
“Tag” indicates a short name for a “tagging call”, that is, a call similar to Tag the Line in that it has a 1/2 Tag position, a 3/4 Tag position, and so on. Three tagging calls are part of the C-1 program; their names are:

• “Tag” for Tag the Line
• “Flip” for Flip the Line
• “Vertical Tag” (no shorter name)

All calls in the Back family have 2 parts:
(1) Do the tagging call to the 1/2 Tag position.
(2) Scoot Back.:.

Flip Back. From a wave: Flip The Line 1/2, Scoot Back. Ends in a box circulate formation.

Tag Back. From a line or wave: 1/2 Tag, Scoot Back. Ends in box circulate formation.

Vertical Tag Back. From box of four that is not T-Boned.: Vertical 1/2 Tag; Scoot Back. Ends in box circulate formation.

Historical Note: The calls (Vertical) Tag Back were previously named (Vertical) Tag Back to a Wave.
The names were shortened in 2024 to reduce confusion with the “<anything> To a Wave” modifier
and to make these names consistent with the other call in this family, Flip Back.

Tally Ho From Parallel Waves or Lines, Trade-By, and 2x4 T-Bones: All 1/2 Circulate. The centers Hinge and 1/2 Box Circulate, while the outsides Trade. Those who meet Cast 3/4 while the other four dancers Hourglass Circulate, to form Parallel Waves or Lines.

In the second example the dancers doing the Hourglass Circulate come to the same spot and take right hands.

Tandem Concept Similar to the "As Couples" concept, but the two dancers that work as a unit are a tandem. Nobody ever comes between the dancers in a tandem.
For example, Tandem Swing Thru:

or Tandem Quarter Thru:

Common applications include Touch 1/4, Hinge, Scoot Back, Swing Thru, Walk and Dodge.

3 by 2 Acey Deucey From anywhere there are two groups of three that can Triangle Circulate, and a center two that can Trade (e.g., twin diamonds, or an hourglass): The very center two dancers Trade while the two triangles Circulate.

Track (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) From a Completed Double Pass Thru only: As one smooth motion, Tandem Partner Trade and then Extend the given number of times. This call cannot be fractionalized.

- Track 0 ends in a Double Pass Thru;

- Track 1 ends in a Right-Hand 1/4 Tag;

- Track 2 ends in Right-Hand Waves (this is the same as the Plus call of the same name);

- Track 3 ends in a Right-Hand 3/4 Tag;

- Track 4 ends in a Completed Double Pass Thru.

Triangle Formation / Triangle Circulate

Triangle Formation A triangle is a formation of 3 dancers. One is the apex and the other two form the base. The apex dancer must be the same distance from each of the base dancers. If the base dancers are aligned in a general column, the triangle is called a tandem-based triangle. If the base dancers are aligned in a general line, the triangle is called a wave-based triangle. In some triangles all 3 dancers may not be adjacent to each other. Triangles are found as parts of a galaxy, hourglass, twin diamonds and various other formations.

Triangle Circulate From a triangle: Each dancer moves forward one position along one of the circulate paths shown below:

Teaching Hint: Every dancer has one shoulder toward the inside of the triangle. After Triangle Circulate, that same shoulder is still toward the center.

Note: On Triangle Circulate from a T-boned triangle (base dancers are T-boned to each other), base dancers use their own starting position to determine whether to treat the triangle as tandem-based or wave-based, whereas apex dancers use the starting position of the spot to which they Circulate.

Inpoint/Inside/Outpoint/Outside Triangles. Various formations. including Twin diamonds and Point-to-Point Diamonds, contain Triangles.

Inside Triangle: The center 6 form the Triangles.

Outside Triangle: The outside 6 form the Triangles

The footprint of twin diamonds, with the outside 4 in tandem, contains additional Triangles. Each of these triangles has one point as the apex and two of the center 4 as the base.

Inpoint Triangle: Each point facing in is an apex.

Outpoint Triangle: Each point facing out is an apex.

Tandem-based/Wave-based Triangles Various formation, especially a Galaxy, contain triangles that may be identified by the formation of their "base". A wave-based triangle has the dancers in the base usually in a mini-wave (also possible: a couple). A tandem-based triangle has the dancers in the base usually in a tandem (also possible: facing or back-to-back dancers).)

Examples of various Triangles Circulates:

Triple Box/Column/Line/Wave Concept This concept establishes 3 groups of 4 dancers each; the dancers in each group are in either a box, column, line or wave.Since there are 12 spots and only 8 dancers, 4 of the spots will be vacant (occupied by phantom dancers). Calls are executed by working with your group of 4. Examples of the spots and who works with whom:.

Common Triple Box calls are Circulate, Counter Rotate, Right and Left Thru, Scoot Back, Shakedown, Touch 1/4, Walk & Dodge and Wheel Thru. Common Triple Wave/Line/Column calls are Swing Thru, Mix, Switch The Wave, Pass and Roll, Touch 1/4 and Dixie Style to a Wave.

When using this concept to execute a call, the "set" is the group of four dancers. Dancers execute all calls as if only these four dancers are on the floor. For example, in Triple Box Pass In, dancers Pass Thru and then turn to face the center of their Triple Box.

Twist the Line From a line, centers facing the same way, and sexes arranged appropriately: The centers step forward and Partner Trade while the ends face, move in, and Star Thru. This is a sex dependent call (because of the Star Thru).

Twist and (Anything). From a line, centers facing the same way: The centers step forward and Partner Trade while the ends face, move in, and do the Anything call--which will involve only the original ends unless otherwise specified. For example, "Twist and Square Thru 2":

Twist and Split Square Thru 2:

Twist and Pass Out:

Twist and Nothing:

Vertical Tag (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, Full)
From box circulate, facing couples, etc.:

• Dancers in a trailing couple have the belle step in front of the beau, forming a tandem
• Dancers in a leading couple Single Wheel
• Dancers in a mini-wave have the leads Fold

After the appropriate beginning, dancers continue in one smooth motion to finish a Tag the Line (that is, walk forward for as many tag positions as indicated). This call cannot be fractionalized.

Vertical Tag the Line:

Vertical 1/2 Tag:

(Anything) to a Wave From wherever is appropriate for the "Anything" call: The "Anything" call must have as its final action a Step Thru or Extend. Do the "Anything" call, except for that final Step Thru or Extend.

For example, in Square Chain Thru to a Wave, the dancers would do all of the call except for stepping forward on the final Left Turn Thru.

Square Thru 3 to a Wave:

Additional applications include Scoot Chain Thru to a Wave, Load the Boat Centers to a Wave, Percolate Outsides to a Wave, Flip Back to a Wave, and Tag Back to a Wave to a Wave.

When used with Tagging Calls Back to a Wave, some callers prefer to say "Centers to a Wave". For example: Flip Back Centers to a Wave, or Tag Back to a Wave Centers to a Wave.

Don´t be confused by calls which contain "to a Wave" as a part of their name (e.g. Dosado to a Wave, Single Circle to a Wave, Tag Back to a Wave, Cross Roll to a Wave).

Weave From box circulate: The leads do 1/2 a Box Circulate while the trailers walk forward on a slight diagonal to meet each other with the original outside hands (thought of by some as Cross Extend) and Hinge. From single eight chain thru: All Pass Thru, and the ends Quarter Right while the centers Left Touch 1/4 (this is like Touch and Weave).

Wheel and (Anything) From any formation in which exactly two couples are facing directly away from the center of the set with no one in front of them: The couples facing out Promenade 1/4, ending facing in, while the other dancers move into the center (if necessary) and do the call.

Reverse Wheel and (Anything). From any formation in which exactly two couples are facing directly away from the center of the set with no one in front of them: The couples facing out Wrong Way Promenade 1/4, ending facing in, while the other dancers move into the center (if necessary) and do the call.

Wheel Fan Thru From facing couples: Start a Wheel Thru, but as the beaus meet, they Trade (by the right) and then all complete the Wheel Thru.

With The Flow From facing couples, with each couple having sideways body flow - as a couple - resulting from the previous call or with exactly one dancer in each couple moving forward: This is a flowing Walk and Dodge. The leading dancer in flow direction walks forward, as the other dancer dodges into the space being vacated.

Zing From a box circulate or tandem couples: Leaders Zoom but only turn 3/4 (270 degrees) as they go (similar to Quarter Out and Run) Trailers Circulate and Quarter In. Zing is also proper from various 3 & 1 Boxes, T-Bone boxes, and from an isolated Tandem.

Points Zing: